What does side flash refer to in the context of lightning strikes?

Side flash in the context of lightning strikes refers to the phenomenon where lightning jumps from one conductor, typically the main strike path, to another nearby conductor that is better grounded. This can happen when the electrical potential difference is significant enough to create a path for the electrical current to follow, often resulting in damage or injury.

When lightning strikes a tall structure, for instance, it may not only follow the most direct route down but can easily find a better ground through a nearby conductor, such as a tree or utility pole. This makes understanding the concept of side flash critical to implementing effective lightning protection systems, as it highlights the importance of ensuring all structures and conductors are protected and appropriately grounded to prevent dangerous side flash events.

In contrast, the other choices do not accurately describe side flash. The first option refers to general secondary effects of lightning rather than the specific action of current transfer. The third option discusses sound rather than the electrical behavior associated with lightning strikes, and the last option describes proximity to lightning strikes but does not capture the specific transfer of current that characterizes side flash.